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Microbes in Drinking Water

Writer's picture: Scott BrittonScott Britton




Despite advancements in sanitation and water treatment, waterborne diseases continue to affect humanity in the 21st century. Here are some examples of waterborne diseases that are still prevalent:


Cholera: Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and is typically spread through contaminated water or food. It leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration, and if left untreated, can be fatal.


Typhoid fever: Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through contaminated water or food. Symptoms include high fever, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal issues. Typhoid fever can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.


Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily spreads through the consumption of contaminated water or food. It affects the liver and can cause symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and jaundice. While it is usually not fatal, it can lead to complications in some cases.


Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidiosis is caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium. It can be found in water sources contaminated with feces. This disease primarily affects the gastrointestinal system and can cause severe diarrhea, stomach cramps, and dehydration, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.


Giardiasis: Giardiasis is caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia and commonly spreads through contaminated water. It leads to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. While it is usually not life-threatening, it can cause chronic complications if left untreated.


The last two are bacterial spores which are resistant to heat and humidity. Unlike the others boiling your water may not be enough to kill them. If you do not have access to modern filtration methods such a reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, it is suggested that you boil your water for at least five minutes in duration.


The prevalence of waterborne diseases is often associated with inadequate access to clean water and poor sanitation practices. In many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries, these diseases remain a significant public health concern. Efforts to improve water treatment, sanitation infrastructure, and public awareness about hygiene practices are crucial in reducing the impact of waterborne diseases on humanity.

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